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1908 Messina earthquake
The 1908 Messina earthquake (also known as the 1908 Messina and Reggio earthquake) occurred on December 28 in Sicily and Calabria, southern Italy with a moment magnitude of 7.1 and a maximum Mercalli Intensity of XI (''Extreme''). The cities of Messina and Reggio Calabria were almost completely destroyed and between 75,000 and 200,000 lives were lost.
==Earthquake==
On December 28, 1908, from about 05:20 to 05:21, an earthquake of 7.1 on the moment magnitude scale occurred, centered on the city of Messina, in Sicily. Reggio on the Italian mainland also suffered heavy damage. The ground shook for some 30 to 40 seconds, and the destruction was felt within a 300-kilometer (186-mile) radius. Moments after the earthquake, a 12-meter (39-foot) tsunami struck nearby coasts, causing even more devastation; 91% of structures in Messina were destroyed, and some 70,000 residents were killed.〔(The Messina 1908 earthquake )〕 Rescuers searched through the rubble for weeks, and whole families were still being pulled out alive days later, but thousands remained buried there. Buildings in the area had not been constructed for earthquake resistance, having heavy roofs and vulnerable foundations.
The earthquake was caused by normal faulting between plates. Italy sits along the boundary zone of the African Continental plate, and this plate is pushing against the seafloor underneath Europe at a rate of 25 millimeters (1 inch) per year. This causes vertical displacement, which in turn can cause earthquakes.〔(Sicilian culture: 1908 Messina – Reggio Earthquake & Earthquake Prone Italy )〕 Recently it has been proposed that the concurrent tsunami was not generated by the earthquake, but rather by a large undersea landslide it triggered. There were also several fires that destroyed houses and turned them to rubble.〔(On the cause of the 1908 Messina tsunami, southern Italy )〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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